What Determines a Currencys Exchange Rate

When traveling abroad, youll have to exchange the currency of your origin country for that of your destination, but what determines the rate at which these are exchanged? In short, the exchange rate of a countrys currency is determined by its supply and demand rate in the country for which currency is being exchanged. Exchange  rate sites  make it easier for people to plan their trips abroad, but its important to note that along with an increase in cost for foreign currency oftentimes comes an increased price of goods and services there. Ultimately, a variety of factors influences how a nations currency, and in turn, its exchange rate, are determined, including supply and demand of goods by foreign consumers, speculations on future  demands of currency, and even central banks investments in foreign currencies. Short-Run Exchange Rates Are Determined by Supply and Demand: Like any other price in local economies, exchange rates are determined by supply and demand — specifically the supply and demand for each currency. But that explanation is almost tautological as one must also know we need to know what determines the supply of a currency and the demand for a currency. The supply of a currency on a foreign exchange market is determined by the following: Demand for goods, services, and investments priced in that currency.Speculations on future demands of that currency.Central banks occasionally  buy up foreign currency to affect  the exchange rate. To put it simply, demand relies on the want for a foreign traveler in Canada, for instance, to buy a Canadian good like maple syrup. If this demand of foreign buyers rises, it will cause the Canadian dollar value to rise as well. Similarly, if the Canadian dollar is expected to rise, these speculations will affect the exchange rate, too. Central banks,  on the  other  hand, dont directly rely on consumer interaction to affect the exchange rates. While they cant simply  print more money, they can influence investments, loans, and exchanges in the foreign marketplace, which will either raise or lower the value of their nations currency abroad. What Should The Currency Be Worth? If speculators and central banks can affect both the supply and demand for a currency, they can ultimately affect the price. Thus does a currency have an intrinsic value relative to another currency? Is there a level the exchange rate should be at? It turns out there is at least a rough level to which a currency should be worth, as detailed in the  Purchasing Power Parity Theory. The exchange rate, in the long run, needs to be at the level which a basket of goods costs the same in two currencies. Thus, if a Mickey Mantle rookie card, for instance, costs $50,000 Canadian and $25,000 U.S., the exchange rate should be two Canadian dollars for one American dollar. Still, the exchange rate is actually determined by a variety of factors, which change constantly. As a result, its important when traveling abroad to check the current exchange rate in destination countries, especially during peak tourist season when the foreign demand for domestic goods is higher.

John Aquinas Is The Most Important Aspect Of The Common Good

Thomas Aquinas believes that killing is wrong and that it does not generate the common good because it goes against nature. Yet, humans kill animals to survive and further, animals kill one another as well as to survive. Killing for survival should not be against the common good because it is a part of nature and the common good of one’s own species. Ayn Rand on the other hand, is an egoist and believes that our moral concerns should at least primarily be for ourselves. However, by only focusing on ourselves we forget about the common good, which is what Aquinas believes is the most important aspect. Aquinas beliefs are too focused on the common good whereas Rand’s beliefs are too selfish. Combining the beliefs of the common good with an egoistic approach would be more suited for humans to generate a greater good for humans. Aquinas was a follower of Aristotle and believed in the common good over evil and his works were influenced by Aristotle but with a Christian twist to it. To Aquinas, moral goodness is the most important aspect of human nature and it is what leads human beings to act as they do, which is Aquinas’ view on the law of human nature. According to Pojman and Tramel (2009), Aquinas says that †good should be done and promoted, and evil is to be avoided† (p.21), which means that the common good is in everyone’s best interest and avoiding evil is as well. All humans ought to do what is best for nature. Nature is something that has not been modified by humansShow MoreRelatedJeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill1712 Words   |  7 Pagessources is to be measured in the same way. Universal application of this measurement implies that there is no additional value to acts that are deemed more moral or intellectual. John Stuart Mill is an advocate of the â€Å"principle of utility† and believed the ideology behind achieving happiness was acting in favor of the highest good. 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With the variety of Christian denominations, individual thinkers, and outside influences, and it is often difficult to reach a general agreement. In her essay, â€Å"Homosexuality: A Case Study in Moral Argument,† Catholic theologian Lisa Cahill examines four major authorities and different ways to determine how they work together to produce a cohesive Christian ethic.Read MoreOriginal Sin1617 Words   |  7 PagesDoctrines are used as a foundation to Christian beliefs. They serve to many churches as fundamentals in the direction their members chose to live their lives. It is important to understand the historical backgrounds of the doctrines that pertain to ones particular beliefs. I will be discussing this very information for the doctrine of original sin. The doctrine of original sin mostly pertains to the Roman Catholic religion. I will be covering when, where, and why the doctrine was originated. OriginalRead MorePolitics And City Of God : Issues And Medieval Political Thought Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pageslife and organisation with a view to solving them. Its basic function is to show what political practice is and what it means or ought to mean. Thus, it is able to relate political events, and happening, people and objects under the notion of a common good or interest. The history of political theory as an intellectual tradition reflecting the evolution of men’s thoughts and ideas about political problems overtime started with the ancient Greeks and then the Romans, from about the 5th century B.C

Ethical Issues Management Free Essays

ETHICAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT PAPER Ethical Issues and Management Paper Jamie Culley University of Phoenix Online Campus Ethical Issues and Management Paper Introduction. The responsibilities of a manager go far beyond supervision. In fact, managers are forced to make important decisions every day that affect the company, their employees, and possibly the public depending on the circumstance. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Managers take part in hiring, performance, evaluation, discipline, and termination. They are also involved in any circumstance that pertains to harassment and diversity, and they must make a conscious effort to set a good example for their employees. The following paper will focus primarily on discipline; describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with discipline; include how the issue affects other individuals; explain how relationships between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to discipline; provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving discipline; and discuss any laws governing the manager who provided the discipline in such an ethical dilemma. Discipline Describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with your selected topic. Include how the issue affects other individuals. In the case of discipline, managers must know how to appropriately discipline their employees. Managers must ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline so as to obey the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, which â€Å"specify that all employees in an organization must receive consistent discipline for similar infractions† (Trevino Nelson, 2007, p. 159). Managers must also ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline because it is the ethical thing to do. For instance, consider that a certain man has been working for a company for 20 years and he gets aught misusing corporate resources. In this scenario, a manager might be tempted to give him a warning or even write him up for his actions because of his loyalty to the company. Now consider that a certain man has been working for the same company for two years and he also gets caught misusing corporate resources. Yet, in this scenario the manager terminates him for his actions. The U. S. Sentencing Guidelin es seek to ensure that both employees are given the same measure of discipline, which is also the ethical thing to do on the manager’s behalf. Furthermore, â€Å"hiring, performance evaluation, discipline, and terminations can be ethical issues because they all involve honesty, fairness, and the dignity of the individual† (Trevino Nelson, 2007, p. 162, 163). If values such as honesty, dignity, and fairness are acknowledged in circumstances involving discipline, then managers and their companies should have no real concern for negative, public exposure. There are effective ways that managers can go about disciplining employees for their actions. These ways should involve disciplining employees in a constructive and professional manner. Discipline should generally be done in private, allow input from the employee, and it should be consistent with the way past employees have been treated for similar actions or behaviors (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Discipline affects other individuals such as the affected employee’s family members, co-workers, and the general public. When an employee is disciplined in the appropriate manner, a message is sent to the rest of the company’s employees. This message communicates that certain measures will be taken to address and rid the company of inappropriate behaviors and actions. As a result, employees will know to be more conscious of their behaviors and actions to ensure that they are not disciplined for the same reasons. If discipline has been taken to the extreme and an employee has been terminated from a company, the family of that employee will be greatly affected. What if that employee is not eligible for unemployment? This could trigger a huge financial burden for the entire family. Finally, the public is very much affected when an employee endures termination as their disciplinary measure. As a result of a termination an employment opportunity opens up for the public to apply for. This could mean that the man or woman who has been searching for a job to provide for their family will be employed and now able to fulfill the needs of his or her family. The economy is affected in various ways as people are terminated from their employed positions (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Explain how the relationship between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to your topic. Social issues and how they relate to ethically responsible management practices need to be considered when disciplinary action is involved between management and employees. Managers need to research why an employee is exuding behaviors such as tardiness, harassment, misuse of corporate resources, and discrimination. For example, a newly hired employee named Judy has been consistently late for her first month of employment. Her manager should address her behavior privately, and ask her why she is often late for work. The case could be that Judy is a single mom of three children who attend a private school on the other side of the city where no bus route has been established. In this case, her manager should find out if flexible work hours can become more available to all employees on the team and go from there. Another social issue could be that Joe, a long-time employee, is going through a divorce, which is costing him a fortune. As a result, Joe cannot afford his car payments and is now without reliable transportation to and from work. Joe’s financial status is communicating poverty. Over time, Joe is not only tardy to work because of his transportation issues, but his clothes are looking ragged and he is in no position to meet with clients. Joe’s work performance is now failing because of his financial situation. In this case, disciplinary action needs to be carefully considered and documented when dealing with Joe’s poor work performance. It is important to document the disciplinary action taken so that the same discipline can be directed at a future situation to ensure equality (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving your topic. Did any laws govern the manager’s actions? A workplace dilemma involving discipline could involve an employee who is being harassed because of her sexual preference, and as a result she is harassing people in retaliation by directing hateful comments toward fellow co-workers. In this scenario, several people’s behaviors need to be addressed: the employees initially harassing the woman because of her sexual preference, and the woman being harassed who is retaliating. Laws do govern the manager’s actions, especially if the manager ignores the issue at hand. Managers are now being held responsible for their employees’ actions if inappropriate behaviors are not dealt with and knowingly ignored. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is linked with the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission is in place to ensure discrimination is eliminated from the work place and dealt with appropriately (Trevino Nelson, 2007). Conclusion. In summary, employees are held accountable to their managers and managers to their employees. Managers are held accountable to their employees because it is their responsibility to make ethical decisions and abide by laws that govern their decision-making. Managers must strive to practice honesty, dignity, and fairness in their workplace as pertains to disciplining employees. They should also discipline employees the ethical way by holding a private meeting, being constructive, professional, allowing the employee’s input, and in consistency with past disciplinary action. Social issues that pertain to the work place involve family issues, personal issues, diversity, and much more (Trevino Nelson, 2007). References: Trevino, L. , Nelson, K. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. How to cite Ethical Issues Management, Essays

A Peaceful Getaway free essay sample

Leaves crunch under my feet as I trudge through the woods trying to find the best spot to set up my chair and take in nature. The air is cool and the breeze stings my face as it rushes by, causing the ferns to dance around me. The monstrous trees surrounding me are a blanket of comfort and peace. I take a deep breath and the sweet smell of pine and bark fill my nostrils. I glance to my left and see a small dead popple tree sticking out of the ground. It comes out easily as I give it a tug. The different grays and textures of the decaying tree are intricate and detailed. The base of it is covered in green moss which is soft and looks like grass growing from the tree. I put the tree back on the ground. My feet begin to get chilled and the wind bites at my bare ankles. We will write a custom essay sample on A Peaceful Getaway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bending down to give them a rub, I notice dozens of little green plants. Each plant is unique. Some have little pink flowers, some have rounded leaves, and others are jagged. Looking up, and this time really taking in the nature around me, I suddenly realize how diverse the wilderness is. The little plants are barely noticeable amongst the tall towering poppel, pine, and oak trees throughout the forest. Among the lush greens of the forest are many dead trees and dried up leaves. So many grasses, trees, and flowers sprout from the decay of their fellow species. The dead stick I picked up had moss growing from it. My mind is blown to see both the living and the dead on one object. We are born, we grow, and one day die and return to part of the earth but our souls live on. From our death, new life sprouts and so on and so forth. My grandfather was a man of the land. He was an avid farmer and worked outside most of his life. He loved to be with the nature. My grandfather grew wheat, beans, and sugar beets. Everyday he would make sure everything was growing correctly and the plants were nourished. When he passed away we returned to Grafton for the funeral. I went to walk by his fields alone. I sat in the dirt and closed my eyes and in the wind I could hear his voice. He was at peace and at home. I knew then that he was living with the earth where he belonged watching over his children and grandchildren harvest the fields he once did. Sunlight escapes through openings that the pine trees provide and it is warm on my face. A small green plant, still wet from the morning dew, faces toward the sun basking in the light. It glistens as the sun shines, and my minds drifts into a state of tranquility. The very place I sit is allowing me to escape from the troubles and distractions of the day. The woods are silent; silent of modern day technology, silent of the busy hubbub of today’s lifestyle, and silent of the noises of cars and busy streets. In this silence the forest speaks to me. Instead of a phone ringing, the echo of a blue jay’s heartfelt song fills the quiet wood, leaves rustle brushing back and forth, touching each other as the wind disturbs their peace. Newly fallen leaves crunch under my feet as I trudge out of the forest and back into reality. The walk back is as beautiful as when I arrived. I feel calm and rejuvenated; sitting early in the morning doing nothing but gazing upon the beauty of this earth, and getting away from reality. I have a new sense of peace that makes me feel I can accomplish anything.

Animal Testing Essays (2346 words) - Animal Testing, Animal Rights

Animal Testing Medicines, household products, food, and basically everything involved in the life of an average person has to under go a form of testing before it is legal to be placed on a shelf and if available to the public. The same tests are performed on every medical procedure that is introduced to surgeons. Since the only way to directly mimic the human body is to use it itself, scientists were forced to find the closest and best alternative. That is where animals were introduced to the medical profession. Experimentation on animals date back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical validation one of the oldest known to humans. It is not only one of the oldest but one of the most informative. Scientists use animals in medical research to study how the body works and how to diagnose, cure, and prevent disease. Researchers also use animals for tests to try to protect the public from dangerous chemicals, (Day, 13) such as those included in detergents, bleach, and other household products. When live animals are used in experimentation, this practice is called vivisection. Animals are used in many instances because their bodies often react in a similar way to that of a humans. Although animals have been used in medical research for numerous years it was not until the early 1920's that it became more prominent. It was at this point that the introduction of using live, un-anesthetized, animals to study toxic effects on an increasing array of drugs, pesticides and food additives was introduced. After this great advance in medical research the results of using animals grew with leaps and bounds. In 1970 this process peaked with the use of millions of animals. Since then, according to the USDA's Animals Welfare Enforcement, 1,267,828 animals were used for medical purposes in 1998, which is more than a 50 percent decrease since 1970. Although this is a drastic drop in animals used there have been many medical advances; virtually every medical break through this century has come about as the result of research with animals. (Office of Technology) Of the many animals used for experiments, about 90 percent of the animals used are rats, mice and other rodents. Animals such as these are used for two reasons, one because they are readily available upon request, and two because they are cheap which helps aid the large cost of animals experimentation. Although it has been proven, that in many cases, rats and mice are not an accurate subject to test medicines on; their popularity has only grown larger. Mechanize (a travel sickness drug) caused severe deformities in rats, but not in humans, whereas Thalidomide (a sedative drug) caused no reaction in rats but cause deformities in humans. This is only one of the many cases where mice and rats have been found as faulty test subjects. With the wide range of animals that are available, the tests the are used on them are even vaster. The tests are broken down into many different categories, which allows scientists to zero in on certain areas of testing and to specify results. The largest and most useful area of testing is called Toxicity Testing. In toxicity tests, animals are generally exposed to chemicals in ways that are meant to mimic human exposure, by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact and contact with the eyes. The type of animals used in this field include rodents, dogs, cats, fish, birds (chickens, hens, pigeons) rabbits, frogs, pigs, sheep, and primates. Toxicity testing is aimed at providing information, which can be used to attempt to protect society and the environment against the harmful effects of chemicals. (Boyd, 184) Eye irritancy tests, the largest and most controversial area in toxcity testing, began in 1920. It was introduced because soldiers were exposed to mustard gas in World War I, their eyes began to burn and some lost sight. To understand what the effects of the mustard gas more clearly scientist used rabbits as their test subjects. They would force they eyes of the rabbit open and let mustard gas fester for days, they would then compare their findings to the effects on humans. After this first introduction to the benefits of

Should You Send the 4 Free ACT Score Reports

Should You Send the 4 Free ACT Score Reports SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Or is there? When you register for the ACT, you have the option to send your score reports to four colleges for free. So doesn’t it make sense to send them? Especially since the rest of the college admissions process can be so costly, shouldn’t you save money where you can? Maybe, but it could actually hurt your applications if you're not careful. We will examine this issue in-depth and help you make a smart decision in regard to whether to use the four free ACT score reports or not. Why Students Often Send the Free ACT Reports When you sign up for the ACT, you have the option of choosing four colleges to send your score reports to. The service isfree, so many students take advantage of it. Otherwise, the reports cost $13 per test date per school. (That means if you want to send scores from two different dates to multiple schools, it'll cost $24 per school.) Since most colleges require at least one test score, it can certainly save you money if you send some of the reports for free. Furthermore, some students think that sending the free score reports demonstrates interest in a college,as they're sending their scores in as early as possible. It might also motivate students to study harder since they know their scores are being sent straight to their top-choice schools. Reasons Why Sending the Free ACT Reports Could Be Harmful Even though you can save money on ACT score reports, there are some reasons why sending them without carefully considering the colleges you send them to can be a risky move. It's also important to note thatyou’re not getting any kind of a leg up in the college application process by sending scores early- colleges don’t keep track of or favor students who begin their applications earlier. Here's what Duke says on its admissions website: "'Demonstrated interest,' the amount of contact between an individual and our admissions office, is not a factor in our admissions process." And here's what Stanford says: "Stanford does not consider 'demonstrated interest' (e.g., visiting campus, participating in Summer Session, calling or emailing admissions staff, etc.) in making admission decisions." In other words, what matters in the end is how strong your completed application is- including how high your ACT scores are,which is where the risk comes in. The free score reports are sent automatically after your test is scored, so you can’t take the reports back if you look at your scores and find that they’re lower than you wanted. This means a college you might really want to go to now has your less-than-stellar ACT score and you can’t get it back. You're essentially losingthe option to send only your best ACT scores. Unless you want to intercept the score reports after they've been mailed. In addition, sending your free ACT score reports might not end up actually being that helpful. First, you might not end up applying to all four schools you list, especially if you’re taking the test as a sophomore or in the fall of your junior year. High schoolers tend to change their college lists quite a bit before they actually apply, so the list of your top four schools your junior fall will likely change by your senior year. Also, if you retake the ACT, unless you choose the exact same four schools, you’ll have to resend any new reports if you get a higher score the second time around. True, you’re saving money- and not wasting money even if you send your scores to a school you don’t ultimately apply to- but this just goes to show that the four free ACT score reports are not necessarily a helpful resource if you don't use them carefully.In short, the risk of sending a low ACT score might be higher than the reward(i.e., the money you save on sending fees). Although sending ACT scores is expensive, we'll discuss ways below to mitigate the costs and make the application process more affordable- all while keeping the end goal of getting into your dream school in mind. Sending the 4 Free ACT Score Reports: 2 Options While you don’t need to entirely forego sending your free score reports (though that is an option), you should pick the schools you send your reports to very carefully. We'll discuss the two best options you have for these score reports below. Option 1: Don't Send Any ACT Scores It’s not a bad option to just hold off on sending your four free score reports completely. This is the only way to ensure that a college won't end up with a low ACT score. Furthermore, it can be hard to predict as a sophomore or junior which schools you will apply to. In fact, the only schools you might know for sure you'll be applying to are your dream schools- that is, precisely the ones you don’t want to be sending scores to blind. While you might end up paying more for score reports down the road, this can be amuch smarter choice in the long run, asyou'll only be sending the scores you want to send to the colleges you're actually applying to. Not sending your ACT scores immediately can also make the test itself less stressful.You’re the only one who will see your scores for now. And if you need to retake it, you can. No having to stress about a college seeing your scores immediately! The downside to Option 1 is that ACT, Inc. doesn’t offer any fee waivers for sending scores, so if sending scores is a financial hardship for you, Option 2 might be the better choice. Option 2: Send ACT Scores to Safety Schools If you really want to take advantage of those four free score reports, send them to your safety schools- i.e., the ones you're fairly sure you'll apply to and won’t have trouble getting into.This way, even if your ACT score is lower than expected, you won't hurt your chances of admission. Plus, by sending the scores to schools you're sure you'll apply to, you’ll save money when it comes time to apply. For example, if there's a local public university that you’re positive you will apply to, that should be on your list of schools to send scores to. If possible, avoid sending your four free ACT score reports totop-tier schools.For these, you'll want to see your scores first and then decide whether you're retaking the test. This gives you some time to compare your scores from each time you've taken the ACT,lettingyou ultimately submit your very best scores to your most competitive schools. How to Save Money on ACT Score Reports Unfortunately, unlike the College Board (which administers the SAT), ACT, Inc. doesn't offer any fee waivers for ACT score reports.Whileyou can get a fee waiver for the test itself, there is no way to send score reports for free beyond the four you get with registration. Since ACT, Inc. treats each test date as a separate report, it can cost a lot of money to send all of your test scores to multiple colleges. Not all schools require you to send all your ACT scores, though. If they don't, you can save money by just sending the scores from your best test date. Some colleges that require all ACT scores, such as Stanford and Yale, have policies in place that let you send one set of scores and self-report the rest if sending score reports is a financial burden for you (though for both Stanford and Yale, you'll have toofficially send the rest of your ACT scores if you’re admitted). Other all-scores schools, however, aren't as clear about whether they have similar policies. If you have multiple ACT scores and one set is decidedly better than the others (i.e., it has a higher composite score and higher section scores), consider deleting the lowest score so that you only have one (presumably great) set of scores to send.This won't just make you look better to all-scores schools but will also save you money on score reports since you won't have as many to send. Other Tips for Sending ACT Score Reports Make sure to finalize your college application list by the fall of your senior year, andgive yourself plenty of time to send your scores so you don’t have to pay the $16.50 rush delivery fee. (Not to mention that the earlier you start the college application process, the less stressed you'll be!) Also, don't apply to 20 colleges, or some other crazy high number.All of those application and test-sending fees will add up, and you won't increase your chances of getting in, especially if you're applying to a slew of ultra-competitive schools. Instead,try to keep your list to 10 or fewer- and make sure to have a mix of safety schools, likely schools, and reach schools. Finally, carefully research Score Choiceandall-scores schools. For colleges you’re considering applying to, check whether they require you to send all ACT scores from all test dates, or just the scores you want to send. What's Next? What kind of ACT score should you be aiming for? Use our guide to create a target score based on your top-choice schools. Need to improve your ACT score, ASAP? Get a 10-day plan to go from a 25 to a 32. Want help studying for the ACT? We have the best study guide anywhere. Period. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Evidence and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence and practice - Essay Example quently utilized to define facts based medicine, but can also encompass other specialties, for instance, facts based nursing, pharmacy as well as dentistry (Scally and Donaldson, p.9, 2008). This process also incorporates the attributes, state, requirements, standards as well as preferences of those who might be impacted (Spring and Hitchcock, p. 23, 2009). This is usually attained in a way that is attuned with the environmental, as well as the institutional context. The evidence is usually from research upshots derived from the methodical compilation of facts via observation and experiment as well as the formulation of queries and hypothesis testing (Buysse and Wesley, 2007). It is an extremely crucial process which involves intricate and careful decision making which is not only grounded on the accessible resources but also on the ailing individual’s attributes, conditions, and preferences (Rubin and Parrish, p. 25, 2007). EBP realizes that care differs from one individual t o another, and it is also dynamic and encompasses uncertainties and possibilities. In addition, EBP also involves the establishment of individualized procedures of best practices to guide the advancement of any professional duty at hand (Mercer, p.12, 2007). EBP has attained momentum in the nursing field. For instance, research upshots, understanding from fundamental science, clinical understanding as well as expert judgement represent evidence (Mercer and Pignotti, p. 5, 2007). Nonetheless, practices grounded on research upshots are probable to result in the preferred patient upshots across varied settings, as well as geographic locations. The drive for EBP is mainly from the payer and healthcare system pressures for expenditure containment, enormous accessibility of information and escalating client savvy with regard to treatment, as well as care alternatives (Melynk, p.9, 2008). EBP demands alterations in education of scholars and emphasizes on practice crucial research. Additionally,

NCPC Web Field Trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NCPC Web Field Trip - Essay Example Allowing oneself to communicate with proper understanding of both sides while expressing truths of opinions or sentiments may also get the other person to back off from upset contention. Then if neither of these seem to work, the next best advice would be to acquire a ‘mediating body’ preferably one who has not had previous connections with the involved parties so as to avoid partiality in resolving the conflict. Another useful approach would be to practice active listening. This way, the possibility of finding similar situations with the opposing individual is likely to establish some degree of comprehension and concern, noting how a certain encounter is understood on the same perspective by both (NCPC). How important is it to â€Å"walk in the other person's shoes† when trying to avoid or resolve a conflict? Explain. Putting oneself in another person’s shoes basically means empathizing and this requires a profound level of sincere listening so that one un derstands what the other individual has gone through which might have brought him to act in a trait of weakness resulting to the conflict.

Investment Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investment - Research Paper Example I am not a risk adverse person which implies I am willing to assume risk. The stock that I selected to purchased stocks was Advanced Cannabis Solutions (CANN). On February 4, 2015 I purchased $100,0000 on CANN stocks. Advanced Cannabis Solutions is a company dedicated to the rental of commercial space and equipment to companies dedicated to the regulated marijuana industry. The corporate headquarters of the firm are located in Denver, Colorado. The chief executive officer (CEO) of the firm is Robert Frichtel. The companys executives are reasonably paid in this early stage of development of the company. The salary of the CEO is $125,000 a year which is relatively low considering that most CEO of public companies in the United States make millions of dollars per year of compensation. The firm targeted service is to provide leasing space for players in the cannabis industry, but the firm also offers consulting services for its clients including agricultural expertise, logistics, and distribution. The firm is currently targeting its home state of Colorado. In 2014 marijuana sales were expected to reach $540 million. The national legal marijuana market is currently worth between $2-3 billion, but by t he year 2018 this market is expected to grow to $6 billion. The legal cannabis market is an emerging market that has the potential to grow exponentially as more states begin the legalization process of marijuana. Currently three states, Washington State, Colorado, and Alaska have legalized marijuana for both medical and recreational purposes. In these three states the consumption of recreational marijuana is going increase drastically as the drug continues to gain social acceptance. On February 23, 2015 Alaska became the third state to legalize marijuana consumption (Abcnews). Currently the legal marijuana market has only penetrated 6% of the U.S. States. Further penetration is expected and eventually once the Federal government approves weed then

Management at Semco and Leadership Styles of Richard Semler

Management at Semco and Leadership Styles of Richard Semler Peter Drunker (1954), defined management as the way of getting things done through others, by organising, motivating and developing people through training. Likewise, Huczynski and Buchman (2001), defined management as the co-ordination of people towards the achievement of a collective goal. The management of an organisation could be ambiguous, complex and could be over a long period of time; this is when strategy is required. Strategic Management means coping with complexity (kotter 1991), the way and how the complexity is structured, organised, to accomplish a common goal is referred to as strategic management. The process of coping with change (kotter 1991) is known as Strategic Leadership, change is a normal occurrence in an organisation. The process of influencing people in the accomplishment of a goal is known as leadership. (Koontz O Donnell). Style is the way or approach of doing things, leadership style is the way a leader influences its employees. Lewis (1939), defined lea dership style as the method or approach used by leaders to influence their employees either by commanding, motivating or giving directions. There are three approaches to leadership styles namely: Authoritarian or autocratic: Responsibilities such as decision making, procedures for achieving goals, general control of the organisation is focus on the leader Participative or democratic: Responsibilities such as decision making, procedures for goal achievement and control of the organisation are focus within the group as a whole. Laissez faire or free reign: responsibilities such as decision making, procedures for goal achievement and control of the organisation are focus within the group or individual, the group works with freedom of action, they decide on how they do things. No rules, no hierarchy. 1.1 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP STYLES ADOPTED BY RICARDO SERMER Semler is known as the leading proponent, likewise the most evangelist of participative leadership or what is known as cooperate democracy. Semler took over SEMCO or what was originally known as Semler and Company in the year 1980 from his father Antonio Semler who practiced the traditional autocratic style of leadership. Ricardo followed this leadership style. On his first day as the CEO of SEMCO, Ricardo fired sixty percent of all top managers, for four years he practiced the autocratic style of management. At the age of 25 in the year 1984, he began to work on a diversified program to rescue the company; he was inspired to have a greater work-life balance for himself and his employees so he introduced the participative leadership style. In 1990, there was dramatic restriction on liquidity instituted by Brazilian president Frenando Collor De Mello to combat hyperinflation. At this turndown period employees at SEMCO agreed to wage down cut and were performing multitude roles during this crisis period which gave workers greater knowledge of the operation and more suggestions on how to improve the company, this led to full participation of employees. In SEMCO responsibilities such as decision making are focus on the employees, they are allowed to apply their creativity and initiative to the service of the organisation. In addition decision making such as the selection and election of their boss is focused on the subordinates. Sermels participative leadership style can be related to McGregors Y theory capability of people with self direction and self approach Euston Henry research (2010). Semlers way of work is letting employees choose what they do, where and when they do it, likewise they determine how they get paid. Semler has no organisational chart, no dress code, and no written rules; he replaced hierarchical pyramid structure with circle structure. He believes that this participative leads to a healthy and enjoyable way of life for employees. Semler leaders hip style allows a legitimate and reward power (i.e. profits sharing and promotion) on his employees based on his position as the leader of SEMCO. WHAT IMPACT DO YOU THINK THESE STYLES HAVE HAD UPON THE COMPANYS STRATEGIC DECISIONS? Ricardo Semler style has a positive impact on SEMCO. In 1986, Ricardo Semler attempted to introduce a matrix organisational structure (people with similar skills are pooled for work) which failed to achieve desired improvement. In 1982 SEMCO annual revenue was $4 million, it grew over the years, as at 1994 it was $35 million, and in 2003 the annual revenue grew to $212 million with annual growth rate of 40%. In 1982 SEMCO employees were 90, by the year 2003 SEMCO employees were over 3000. Over the years the company has diversified into different business by mergers and joint ventures. From the illustration made above, we can relate the success of SEMCO to the leadership style of Ricardo Semler. EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN SELECTED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP THEORIES. WHAT IMPACT DOES THESE THEORIES HAVE ON ORGANISATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP STRATEGY? Strategic Management is procedure of coping with complexity (kotter 1991). Drucker (1954) said strategic management is the motivation of people to achieve a common goal. There are various theories on how collective goals are achieved. Henri Fayol five functions of management 1916: He classified duties of managers into five. There are: planning, organising, controlling, commanding, and coordinating. Fw Taylor 4 objectives of scientific management 1881: He classified managers duties into four, they are: scientific methods of doing thing, goal for production, system of reward for meeting goal, training of personnel. Peter Drucker 1954 five management processes: He classified duties of manager into five, which are: setting objectives, motivating, task organisation, measurement (SMART), and training. The table below shows how different strategic leadership theories are linked HENRI FAYOL 1916 COMMANDING PLANNING CONTROLLING COORDINATING ORGANISING PETER DRUCKER 1954 measurement using SMART objectives Setting objectives to achieve Motivation of staffs to achieve a collective goal Improvement through training and coaching Tasks organisation FW TAYLOR 1881 Establish goals for production System of reward for meeting goals Training to use methods and meet goals Scientific method of doing things Duties of managers: Table 2.1 Strategic leadership theory: leader copes with changes in an organisation by setting direction (kotter 1991) for others to follow in the achievement of goals (koontz O Donnell). There are various theories by authors, such as: Leadership styles: Leadership style assumes that subordinates work more effective with leader who adopts a specific style rather than a leader who adopts alternative styles. There are different dimensions to leadership styles; however it can be classified into three (3) namely authoritarian, democracy and laissez faire. Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) classified 4 styles which controls the degree a manager maintains. They are tells, sells, consults and joins. These leadership styles depend on the leadership situation (Mullins 2007). The authoritarian style: Power is focus on the manager, decision and procedures for achieving goals is made without consultation. The control is either by reward or punishment. This is related to Tannenbaum and Schmidt tells approach. In this style the concern for task is high. The democratic style: The focus of power is within the group as a whole. Function such as decision making and procedures for achieving goals is shared within the manager and the group. The joins, consults and sells styles are democratic to some extent, except subordinate does not have a finally say. This style concerns for both task and people A laissez-faire style: member of group work more effective on their own, managers do not interfere, however there is availability of help if needed. The concern for task is low and concern for people is high. CONTINGENCY THEORIES: This is Based on the believe that no one approach to leadership appropriate to all situation. There are models such as: Vroom and Yetton Contingency Model: classified leaders decisions into two. They are decision quality and decision acceptance. The model suggests five management decision styles. Autocratic: A1: leaders make decision alone using information available. A2: leaders consult subordinate but decision is taken alone Consultative:C1: problem is shared with relevant subordinate, leader makes the decision C2: problem is shared with subordinate, leader takes decision. Group: G2: problem is shared with subordinate ,leader is chair, they both reach a consensus Path-goal theory: the model proposes that performance of subordinate is affected by the extent in which the manager satisfies their expectations. Subordinate sees leaders behaviour as a motivator. leadership behaviours are: Directive leadership: subordinate follow specific directions given by the leader, they know what is expected of them. Supportive leadership: the leader is more concern for subordinates needs and welfare. Participative leadership: the leader consult with subordinate, evaluates suggestion and managers makes the decision. Achievement-oriented leadership: sets goals for subordinate, there is confidence in subordinates ability to perform well. 2.1 THE LINK BETWEEN SELECTED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP. Management and leadership theories can be linked with one another; most times they are used interchangeably. The link can be seen using Mckinsey 7-s frame work theory. Managers have a propensity on strategy, structure and system (hard element), they are easy to define and identify, and managers can directly influence them. Leaders on the other hand are based on styles, staff, skills and shares (soft element), they are more difficult to describe and more influenced by culture. Watson suggested that all the 7-s most work together to attain a high level of organisational performance. Fig 1: shows the links between management and leadership. Strategy: the plan to maintain competitive advantage over competitors. Structure: the way the organisation is guarded. System: this is referred to as the daily activities of the company. Style: this is the style the leader adopts Staff: this refers to the employees or the general work force of an organisation. Skills: competence of employees Share values: they are also known as superordinate goals. These are the core values of an organisation. All these listed 7-s framework works together to form an organisation. WHAT IMPACT DOES THESE THEORIES HAVE ON ORGANISATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP STRATEGY? These theories listed above helps to determine the structure of an organisation. The organisation could be an autocratic organisation; i.e. leader maintains full control of the organisation which is highly centralised. The employees accomplish the leaders goals, wishes and objective example of autocratic organisation is Semler and company headed by Antonio Semler. On the other hand the theories helps to illustrate the democratic management style where employees are involved in decision making, flexibility of work, freedom of employees i.e. SEMCO decentralised system by Ricardo Semler. The theory explains both leadership and management duties which lead to the smooth running of an organisational. UTILISE APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES TO REVIEW SEMCO LEADERSHIP REQUIREMENTS. There are different techniques to review leadership requirement, such as: porters diamond, porters five forces, networks, role of the corporate parent and the macro-environment (steeple). To utilise appropriate technique for SEMCO, the macro- environment (steeple) will be used to review leadership requirement. Macro-environment (steeple) are the external /environmental that impact to greater or lesser extent on almost all organisations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington), these macro factors influences the organisational performance either directly or indirectly. The table below shows the external factors affecting SEMCO. Social / cultural factors Due to low rate of education in Brazil, there is high rate of untrained staff and unskilled staffs in SEMCO. Due to high population in Brazil, the income rate of workers in SEMCO is reduced because of the high rate of unemployment. Technological factors Technological cooperation is increasing in Brazil, mostly in telecommunication, energy transmission and advanced materials. SEMCO businesses are related to this, and it results to competition. Economic factors Inflation rate in brazil Low bank interest rate Global financial crisis both in Brazil and USA Environmental factors Deforestation issue in brazil Bio fuel and alternative energy i.e. oil Water supply issue affects brazil Political factors Governmental policy on industries such as energy, oil and telecommunication Government policy for low interest rate Legal factors Brazil and other BRIC countries have legal bodies that helps to check public right, corruption and the rule of law of the citizens. Ethnical factor Reduced rate of child labour in brazil Employment opportunity for women and ethnic minority people are equal. Table 3.1: External factors affecting SEMCO. The factors listed above cannot be influence by SEMCO leaders, on the other hand, there are skills leaders should have in other to be able to work with these external factors effectively, and these skills can be a threshold competence or a core competence. Threshold skills are the basic requirement a leader must have while the core skills are the unique ability a leader has that gives him a competitive advantage over others. The table below illustrate the two competencies. S/N THRESHOLD COMPETENCIES CORE COMPETENCIES 1 Vision: be able to communicate his vision to all members of staff, vision must follow the culture and value of the organisation Negotiation skill: the leader must be able to negotiate effectively, SEMCO is known to have a diversified business through mergers and joint ventures 2 Motivation: decision making must be within all staffs and there is a reward power to motivate staff Project management: the leader must be able to manage any change taking place in SEMCO, either through mergers and joint ventures 3 Communication: there must be a two way communication, there should be a diversity of opinion Analytical / financial skill: SEMCO is a globalised company, dealing with in various business, leader must have an effective and a good arithmetic skills 4 Empowerment: people work more effective when left alone with a reward power Decision making/implementing skills: the leader must have a quick decision making skill and must be able to implement the decisions made. Table 3.2 leader competence skills SEMCO organisation is still developing throughout the world through joint venture and mergers with other businesses. This developing process is known as organisational development. Organisation development is intervention strategies which aim at developing individual, group and organisation. Organisation development aim at improving the performance and effectiveness of an organisation (Mullins 2008 Flux transformation Step- change Incremental liquidation Continuum FIG 3.1. Organisational Developments. The table above explains different stages which an organisation can find its self. From the diagram above, SEMCO is presently at the incremental stage, SEMCO has gone through the transformational stage when Ricardo took over and began to diversify into other lines of business. SEMCO is increasing its network through joint ventures and mergers. We have been able to identify the external factors affecting SEMCO, the threshold and core competences leaders at SEMCO should have and the organisational development of SEMCO. This will help us to determine the personal specification (ability a leader acquire in person) and the job description of leaders (core roles or duties of a leader). Personal specification of leaders at SEMCO Direction/vision: the leader must be able to follow the companys direction, SEMCO leadership style is participative, and the leader must be able to direct the employees using this leadership style. Communication: the leader must have a good communication skill. Be able to provide adequate information on task given or when implementing a change Flexibility: SEMCO system is flexible, all leaders must be flexible enough not interfering with staffs task and encourage staffs to participate in decision making Motivation: must be able to encourage, give reward on staff performance, be of assistance when needed by a member of staffs and provide training when needed. The leaders job specification is the day to day duties of the leader which gives them a competitive advantage over others in the market. Negotiating and making decision effectively and speedily towards the company goal and objective Empowerment to provide creative innovations and motivation of people towards expected results. Financial control and accounting control: the leader is in charge of all monetary value when change is taking place The leader must be a good project and change management, much have a positive outcome when implementing change. All the illustrations made above are the techniques use in reviewing SEMCO leadership requirement. SEMCO has an inter- organisation relationship with other organisation either by mergers, joint venture or by strategic alliance. This relationship with other organisation makes SEMCO a sharper in the role of corporate parent where there is agreed business plan with other companies. PRODUCE A FUTURE LEADERSHIP SKILLS PLAN FOR SEMCO. REPORT ON HOW USEFUL WERE THE METHODS USED TO PLAN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS. ENSURE YOU EVALUATE EACH METHOD AND DISCUSS WHAT YOU THINK OF EACH METHOD. SEMCOs role as cooperate parent is a shaper which allow agreed business plan for companies involved by either merger or joint ventures. The methods/ theories that will be evaluated are to develop a future leadership skill plan for SEMCO. Firstly, we will explain SEMCO organisational behaviour by studying how it functions and the impact of the organisation on the behaviour of its employees. Organisational behaviour is defined as the learning and understanding of individual or group behaviour and the pattern of organisation structure in order to improve organisational performance and effectiveness (Mullins 2008.pg 3). The organisation structure determines the culture of SEMCO; the culture on the other hand determines the type of leadership, communication and group dynamic. There are different methods of organisational development but we shall look at the ones relevant to SEMCO. There are different methods of organisational development according to Newstrom, Davis 1993 which leaders in SEMCO must have, namely: Humanistic values: there is positive belief about the potentials of employees. At SEMCO employees exercise a self direction and self control in the service of objectives, there is a function of reward associated to achievement, creativity and decision making is distributed among employees. System orientation: SEMCO is made up of different systems such as the technology, structure and the employees; they must all work together towards the organisation objectives. Problem solving: this is a normal occurrence in an organisation, leader must be able to identify the problem, gather adequate information, and involve members of staffs when implementing a change and progress effectively. We defined organisational behaviour as learning and understanding of employees. What is learning? This is a permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice or experience (Bass Vanghan). Peter Senge (1990) defined Learning organisation as a place where people expand their capacity to create a result they desire, where new pattern of thinking is nurtured, where people are continually learning how to learn together to give them a competitive advantage (Mullins 2008). There are different ways of learning, they are; Behaviourism: this is learning through behaviour and those actions that could be observed, measured and controlled, learning through experience. Operant conditioning: this is a step by step learning, the motivation comes from reward Cognitive approach : this is relevant to SEMCO leadership skill, the leader as a prior knowledge of what should be done either from previous experience in addition to the new information given on job description the two gives an elaborate knowledge. Learning takes place when there is new information. This leads to the learning curve showing the gradual process of acquiring knowledge The learning curve. Showing the level of competence and the time spent. Level of competence Time spent Fig 4.1 learning curve. There are different development plan processes, such as Setting objectives Performance metrics Rewards Short term training Technical and specialist skills, transferable skills and the organisation system are all short term training. SEMCO operate a reward system mostly by recognition, salary or by promotion. Leader must have a transferable skill which will improve employees performance; he must be able to work effectively with others, good communication skills and must be good with applications of numbers. Leadership training in SEMCO is mostly done by experiential learning and informal learning that comes from work. Formal education is also an advantage. Implementation Plan for SEMCO objectives To have an agreed business plan for mergers and joint venture measurement Skill measurement is by Experiential learning and informal learning that comes from work. Training will be available when required target To be a globalised industry, have a competitive advantage over others in the market and to remain on top. Initiative/ action Avaliabity of resources, people and adequate information will be required towards task achievement Time scale SEMCO,s aim is to remain in the market for a long period of time Responsibility To represent and lead SEMCO towards meeting organisational goal Performance indicator Benchmarking (using an effective leader to raise the standard of SEMCO). i.e. to be the leader in the world by 2020. Review/ contingency Open market between brazil and USA for alternative energy. This entire implementation plan helps SEMCO to achieve organisational goal.

Morals And Psychological Aspects in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre takes the idea of a fairy tale a step further by adding psychological aspects to the story. Jane did the right thing in regards to marrying Mr. Rochester because "what is [considered] morally wrong cannot be psychologically right." In other words, Jane's moral values told her what Mr. Rochester had done wrong. Because of this she cannot "psychologically" go along with it as if nothing was wrong. Psyche and morals both are products of the mind. The mind may consider both options, but it ultimately will choose the option which adheres to its moral foundation. Jane's morals include honesty, justice, and friendship. Her past experiences strongly support this moral foundation. As a child she was constantly accused of being dishonest. Mrs. Reed even informed Mr. Brocklehurst that she was deceitful when she met with him before sending her off to school. She tells him that he should "keep a strict eye on her, and, above all, guard against her worst fault, a tendency to deceit." This both infuriated and crushed Jane. She through experiences such as these came to hate the idea of deceit along with anyone who practiced it. In addition, Jane never saw justice. No matter how obvious it was that John or one of his sisters were at fault Jane was always blamed. By looking at Jane's moral values it becomes apparent what Rochester has, in Jane's eyes, done wrong. He was deceitful in many ways. For one, he didn't tell Jane that he was already married when he asked her to marry him. Big mistake! He also pretended that he was in love with and going to marry Blanche Ingram so that he could make Jane jealous. Even though Jane loves Mr.

Positive Effect of Technology Essay

Despite the claims that technology is to blame for many of the world’s ecological problems, technology has also served to improve the shape of our planet. Since the rise of technology in the workplace, numerous ICT companies have been designing â€Å"greener technology† to combat the detrimental effect that computers and their accompanying technology have on the environment. One of the best known organizations is the Green Grid. (Courtney 49) The Green Grid is an organization that consists of IT companies and professionals from around the world. (Courtney, p. 49) The Green Grid is devising ways to improve the way energy is consumed by IT oriented businesses and their offices. (Courtney 49) One of the biggest achievements of the Green Grid is the Power Usage Effectiveness or, PUE, metric system. This system records data center energy consumption. How it works is by recording the energy consumption of a data center or mainframe server every 15 minutes. By recording in these 15 minute increments it helps those monitoring the data to notice if there are any energy fluctuations and if the data center systems are using an adequate amount of energy. (Courtney 49) The long term goal of the Green Grid is to introduce a standard system that allows business managers and IT operatives to compare the amount of the energy they are consuming and if necessary resolve ways to reduce it. (Courtney 49) Another technology that is having positive impacts on the environment is low carbon technology. (Xie 1593) Low carbon technology is a form of technology that has been developed in China. Largely developed because of China’s low carbon footprint in comparison to other developing countries, the low carbon technology aims to offset the amount of emissions polluting the air by using renewable fossil fuels. (Xie 1594) China is a low carbon eco nomy for two main reasons. First, the number of people that own a car is far lower than the national average of a country like the United States. Currently the majority of China’s inhabitants use public transport or bicycles to get around. Second is the high amount of renewable fossil fuels that the country utilizes in its factory productions. (Xie 1594) Fossil fuels are used because of their high energy efficiency and their extremely low emissions. Carbon is not emitted when fossil fuels are used and therefore, many of the Chinese factories run on renewable energy that is created from fossil fuels. (Xie 1594) For other countries to develop effective low carbon technologies, they will need to have a different  approach to their resources than China. This is because many of the other countries will have different environments and different natural resources to hand. (Xie 1595) China’s main resource is its extensive supply of coal which it readily burns as a source of renewable fossil fuel. China has a rich resource of renewable energy and is able to not only exploit its coal resources for the time being, but also its large amount of renewable hydroelectricity. (Xie 1595) These renewable resources, if managed properly will go a long way into creating a low carbon future for China. (Xie 1596) Other countries can also diversify into new low carbon options, thanks to the advances in technology. Bio-fuels, solar power and wind power are no longer science fiction but science fact. They are more than capable of replacing some of the energy resources currently used that produce harmful gases. (Xie 1596) These new developments towards a low carbon future are only possible through our advancements in modern technology and are one way that technology is having a positive and beneficial effect on the environment. One obvious way that technology is helping the ecology of the planet is by reducing the need for paper. With the ever increasing use of email and electronic communication , paperless offices are now a common occurrence in companies. (Jorgenson and Jorgenson 364) Reducing the need for paper in turn reduces the demand for logging and deforestation, allowing richer lands to create a smaller footprint. (Kilian 366) The development of green technologies such as PC power management systems and multi-function devices allows a business that relies heavily on technology to reduce the amount of energy it consumes. (Courtney 51) An office can become more environmentally sound if it employs many of the new energy reducing technologies that are readily available and incorporates them with or eco-friendly practices such as turning off excess lights and using less paper. Jorgenson and Jorgenson 365) According to current statistics, putting energy management systems into practice can save a company a huge amount in energy consumption. (Courtney 50) For example, a company consolidates its 100 physical computer servers into less than 20 servers that operated virtual server software. It not only saves potentially hundreds of thousands of dollars in server replacements and repairs, it also saves over 600,000 kilowatts of energy. (Courtney 51) Another example is the replacement of laser printers with multi-function devices. Multi-function devices usually  incorporate a printer, fax machine and photocopier all in one system. This not only saves space but saves the amount of electronic hardware that is permanently on standby in an office. (Courtney 51) Using five multi-function devices in an office instead of five printers, a photocopier and a fax machine are going to enable the office to be more productive and save the company even more in energy consumption. (Courtney 51) This is because instead of a minimum of 7 different machines being on permanent standby, the office will have a maximum of 5 on standby. This is enough to make a significant difference in the office power consumption and also enables more than one person at a time to fax or photocopy. (Courtney 51) Also the amount of repair costs will be reduced as only one product would necessarily need replacing or fixing instead of a potential of 3 different products.

The Idea of the Human As Seen by Golding and Shakespeare †English Essay

The Idea of the Human As Seen by Golding and Shakespeare – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Idea of the Human As Seen by Golding and Shakespeare English Essay To come to a view of human behavior, one must have a theory of psychology of how we act, and why we do so. This theory would probably stem from one of two things, it could stem from introspection, the analysis of oneself and thus pulling conclusions from this and making generalizations about others, from seeing your own reasoning of why you do things. Of course this would require relatively little amount of delusion to be able to do intelligently. Another way would be outrospection or the analysis of the behaviors of others in their environment. Both of these writers come from very different periods in time, and so it is expected that the mentality would differ greatly, and thus any way they would decide to analyze human behavior will vastly differ for each, as the mentality for the time periods will be different but it seems more plausible for Golding to have used outrospection, especially considering the historical accounts that had taken place, where the wars were much more traumatizing. Being subject of his environment, Goldings view of the human species seems to be much darker then Shakespeare’s. So dark that his book almost comes across as a warning to take accountability for our actions and behavior before were forced to take responsibility for them where the outcome might not have been as good as if we had willingly done so. Though we cant be positive as his view of humans, we can assume that the way these writers view humans and human psychology, is interpreted through their books, and going off of this assumption we can imagine what they think of humans. On page 195 of Goldings Inheritors Lok has discovered the use of similes and begins to make a systematic chain of similes describing the people. He begins by saying The people are like a famished wolf in the hollow of a tree., where people were hungry but were frightened of the world and others, this is how most of us are when we are born, we tend to cling to our mother or father because we are scared of the outside, and would rather stay in the hollow of a tree, where we know its safe. Eventually we trickle out, when we become more comfortable with the world. After being accustomed to the world around us, people go from what was once sweet to becoming the new honey that smells of dead things and fire which represents their fall to corruptions. This co rruption and greed soon ensues the hunger for power, where we were once content with being hungry for knowledge, we now become hungry for possessions and power, and let nothing stand in our way like the river and the fall. After so much false sense of power, and possessions, and domination at the expense of others, we ultimately succumb to our delusion, and start to believe that all these newly conquered and acquired things give us more power, enough to make us believe we are even god. The new people have no hesitation to kill other human beings, where even attacking another human was unfathomable in Lok’s world, now he sees humans take the lives of other humans. If this were to be seen from an outside source such as Lok, this could easily be portrayed as extreme arrogance, to think one would hold himself above other’s enough to deem themselves able to take lives away from people, surely only Oa would have such power. All of these sentences individually represent his view of humans, but I believe his true vision of humans is seen when all these are strung together to give a chronological view of human evolution which will ultimately lead us to our own demise. Shakespeare doesnt seem to have such a negative view of humans and seems to have more faith in the human race then Golding as seen in Much Ado About Nothing. Of course he acknowledges that there will always be the good and the bad in the world, the same duality that we saw in Inheritors, but on that same note Shakespeare seems to think that as long as one perseveres, that truth and good will always prevail. Shakespeare shows us such huge dualities in personality such as Benedict and Beatrice in respect to Hero and Claudio, where the former seems to have a more cynical view of the respective sex, we start seeing some dramatic changes in both of them. It seems that Shakespeare believes, even if one is more negative to begin with, they will gravitate towards goodness, this is also shown when Boracio and Conrade are caught in the streets talking about how they just conned Don Pedro and Claudio in thinking they it was Hero in the window and are caught by Verges and Dogberry. They could have kept it a secret and lied, but in the name of the greater good, for their honor, they told the truth. In a world where honor, truth, and virtue are above all, what would be more damaging then removing and this is exactly what Don John and Boracio attempt to do to Hero by making her appear as someone who is unfaithful. This indicates that Shakespeare does not only think that one can go from bad to good (as seen by Boracio and Conrade, and to a lesser degree Benedict and Beatrice) but that some are intrinsically born with these qualities such as in Hero who comes across as being very serene and pure. One of the underlying themes in both cases is the change or the evolution of the people. Golding seems more to want to tell us that the evolution shown in the book, becoming the new people a much greater evil, is what has happened. In Golding’s world men are seen as corruptible and will eventually fall to this corruption, as dominating and power hungry creatures. We went from being very peaceful and being so innocent to something with ambitions to conquer others, while most of the change that occurs in Much Ado About Nothing seem to be much more positive. It never seemed like a personality trait of Boracio’s or Conrade’s that they would admit to saying the truth to anything and yet we see them say the truth even though it puts them at risk, a sacrifice for truth. Nor did we ever expect Benedict or Beatrice to ever fall in love, even more so with each other, because of their radical views in regards to the opposite sex. But truth and good prevailed in the end. Research Papers on The Idea of the Human As Seen by Golding and Shakespeare - English EssayMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of India

Business Terms and Relocation Essays

Business Terms and Relocation Essays Business Terms and Relocation Essay Business Terms and Relocation Essay Risks, Benefits and Costs of Relocation By Prudential Joseph R. Carucci Real Estate Business location continues to be a primary factor in sustaining a company’s competitive position – whether it is a corporate headquarters seeking to get closer to emerging markets, or a back office wanting to reduce operating costs. Companies often find that their current locations no longer provide the competitive advantage they once held. Consequently, they attempt to weigh the risks and benefits of a major relocation along with the costs to determine the viability of relocation. Risks Related to Relocation: By far the most significant risk related to a major relocation for any operation is the potential for business disruption. The outcome could result in the loss of valuable employees (knowledge assets) and distractions from normal business activity during planning and implementation that impact service delivery and customer retention. While the risk of disruption is real, careful planning and implementation can minimize its impact. A special relocation policy can be developed to maximize employee retention. Effective communications can minimize employee distraction and customer concerns. Short-term staff redundancy along with the phasing of relocation can minimize overall impact. Other factors that influence the success of a relocation decision include: Not making an effective location selection decision; Not adequately defining the costs of a relocation; Not making a reasonably accurate attrition calculation; Not engaging in a major relocation because of the fear of failure. Benefits of Relocation A relocation decision needs to achieve a payback in two to three years or less. Since the cost of labor comprises approximately 75% of the total operating cost, picking a location that results in a 10-15% reduction in labor cost is key. Because the majority of staff in a back office are on pay scales that reflect the local market, a significant cost reduction is potentially achievable. Attrition in a back office relocation is usually high (80-90%) depending on the destination. Benefits derived from relocating a company headquarters operation are less concerned with reducing cost and more on strategic positioning of the company. Key objectives focus on gaining access to emerging markets, enhancing the ability to recruit and retain top talent, or making a radical change in corporate culture – all of which send a positive signal to each company stakeholder and support the long-term viability of the company. Employee retention from a typical headquarters relocation is 60-70% and is influenced by the level of interest in the destination, availability of other local job opportunities and family situation. The average cost of relocation per employee is about $50,000, but can vary widely depending on salary, home ownership status and relocation policy provisions. Relocation Cost and Risk/Benefit Analysis Process Risks and benefits will vary for each type of business operation. In a given scenario, a particular condition may be viewed as either a risk or benefit depending on the specific needs of the company. For example, if a company wants to radically change culture and reduce the cost of highly tenured employees, a large percentage of attrition is positive. If there is a significant concern over the potential loss of â€Å"intellectual capital† due to a relocation, the company should have its relocation policy reviewed and incorporate provisions that maximize retention. The analysis process should be comprehensive, and take into consideration short-term risks as well as long-term benefits. Business location consulting firms specialize in preparing relocation analyses and in evaluating relocation alternatives. Factor examined include: retention/attrition of affected employees; one-time costs of relocation and build-out as well as the long-term costs and savings for real estate and labor. The following five-point process will help a company analyze its relocation cost and risk/benefit: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define location and employment level alternatives. Determine potential employee retention and attrition for alternatives Estimate the one-time costs of relocation, attrition, new staff recruiting/training, etc. Estimate the incremental ongoing cost/savings over a specified period related to the cost of real estate and labor, facility improvements and lease penalties. Identify both the risks and benefits to the company for each location scenario. Whether it’s a short or long-distance relocation, this analysis process will help your company better understand the risks, benefits and costs of relocation.

Job evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job evaluation - Essay Example The 'worth' of a job is usually based on judgments of skill, effort (physical and mental), responsibility (supervisory and fiscal), and working conditions. The advantage of this method is that it is very simple. It is also very effective when there are only few jobs (less than 30) to be evaluated. Its disadvantage is that it is difficult to implement when there are plenty of jobs to be evaluated. Furthermore, rank judgments are often subjective making it unreliable. There are also no standards used for comparison; thus, to determine the rank of new jobs it has to be compared always with existing jobs. There are several types of ranking method namely: simple ranking, alternation ranking and paired comparison. Simple ranking ranks the jobs according to their overall value to the organization. In alternation ranking the job descriptions are ordered alternately at each extreme. An agreement is reached among evaluators on which job is the most valuable, then the least valuable; then the n ext-most valued, then the next-least valued; and so on until all the jobs have been ordered. Paired comparison on the other hand involves comparing all possible pairs of jobs to be evaluated. The second method of job evaluation is classification.

Governor Rod Blagojevich Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Governor Rod Blagojevich - Case Study Example Illinois has a sordid history of corruption in politics, but the public has become more sensitive to the issues of illegal campaign contributions, inappropriate lobbying, and self-enrichment. Governor Blagojevich should have saved the legislature's time, the taxpayers' money, and the dignity of the office by resigning before he was impeached. In the face of escalating unemployment and an economic crisis, the Illinois legislature should have been working to resolve these important issues, rather than debating the issue of impeachment. Blagojevich owed it to the public to step down and allow the state government to attend to more important matters than his alleged bribery. The final vote of 59-0 came after four days of valuable government time, and indicates that there was never a possibility for the Governor to fight these charges in the legislature (Long and Pearson). The public would have been better served if the Governor would have accepted the inevitable outcome and resigned at an earlier date. The pending impeachment stagnated state government, while the public debt continued to escalate. The Illinois state debt is in excess of $114 billion and continues to go up every day (Surviving Illinois' Debt).

Analiza Web-sites, blogs, pod cast, videos, articles, and powe points Essay

Analiza Web-sites, blogs, pod cast, videos, articles, and powe points - Essay Example He had short summaries of each of his books on a separate page so that the reader could examine only one book at a time. This page was all about the fantasy world that Silverstein has created. In contract to Silverstein’s site, Charlotte’s Library was boring. It is written by a woman who is an archeologist and she reviews fantasy books for children. The website itself does not really do much for fantasy except give someone who is looking for fantasy books an idea of some that may be good to read. The website is very structured and it seemed more geared towards adults who were looking for good books for their children or teenagers. This was disappointing in a way because the reviews were written more for parents than they were for children. Unfortunately, I would say that this website would not be one that I would send anyone to because it did not really make me want to read the reviews. Another site that is similar to Charlotte’s Library is the Annotated List of Children’s Poetry Books. This is a great site that has annotations about the books that makes a reader want to check them out from their local library and read them. This is an opportunity to see how well the author of the site, Wendy E. Betts, liked the books. Her annotations are intriguing and some of them leave you hanging for more.

The Internet and its Impact on Society Essay Example for Free

The Internet and its Impact on Society Essay The internet has its roots in the space program. When the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite, President Eisenhower formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency. (ARPA). The mission of this agency was to assist the dominance of the United States in technology that would assist the military. By 1968, packets had been developed to facilitate data transfer. These packets are hard to intercept and decode, since the total message is split up among many packets. These packets could travel several different routes, so if one route became unavailable, possibly from a nuclear attack, then the message could still reach its destination via another route. This technology was named Packet Switching Networking (Marsh 2007, p. 1). In 1969 the Department of Defense formed ARPANET. The purpose of this network was to research the upcoming possibilities. The first node was located at the University of California – Los Angeles, with nodes installed shortly afterward at Stanford, the University of California – Santa Barbara, and at the University of Utah. Thus in 1969, there were a total of four nodes on this network. This is considered the birth of the internet (Marsh 2007, p. 2). The 1970s was a landmark decade for the internet. Email was first created in 1971. By now, there were 15 nodes and 23 hosts on the ARPANET. In 1973, the first international node was established on ARPANET at the University College of London. Both Ethernet protocols and File Transfer Protocols (FTP) were developed. The commercial version of ARPANET, named Telenet, was placed in operation in 1974 as the first packet service for the public. In 1975, Queen Elizabeth sent her first Email (Marsh 2007, p. 3). By 1984, there were over 1,000 hosts on the internet. The concept of the Domain Server Name (DNS) was introduced, so that instead of a series of numbers, the user could remember a name of the host. The number of hosts exploded in the late 1980s. By 1986, there were 5,000   hosts. The number increased to 280,000 in 1987 and 100,000 in 1989. In 1991 CERN released the World Wide Web (WWW), and by 1993 the number of hosts had increased to 2,000,000 (Marsh 2007, p. 3). Commercialization of the internet began in the mid 1990s. Shopping malls, the US Senate and House of Representatives, and banks had all joined the internet revolution. By 1997 there were 19.5 million hosts and over 1 million WWW sites (Marsh 2007, p. 7). This extremely rapid growth was at times unregulated. Indeed, the growth outpaced society’s ability to deal with the impact that this technology was going to have. For all the benefit that the information age has provided, there are just as many pitfalls. The dominance of this one technological beast in the world today has made the globe much smaller than aviation ever did. The continued expansion of the internet has brought to the forefront many different ethical questions. These can be grouped into some fairly broad categories. First, there is the criminal element that utilizes the internet for criminal profiteering, exploitation, and hacking. Second, the extreme amount of information available makes research both easier and easily subject to dishonesty. Plagiarism has always been an issue in the academic world. Now with virtually millions of academic articles available at a keystroke, it has never been easier. Thirdly, Corporate America has utilized the internet for bulk mailing, unwanted pop-up advertisements, and other basically annoying retail behavior. They also utilize the internet for corporate spying, invasive employee monitoring, and other questionable activities. Lastly, the internet has provided an environment for pornography, intimate contact, and other ethically questionable behavior. The criminal element of our society has latched onto the internet. With thousands of transactions posted through the internet each hour, identity theft is common. In identity theft, the   perpetrator steals the identity in order to commit some other crime. Most often, this new crime is fraud. The criminal either intercepts the information or, more likely, convinces the individual to provide the information through the email. If the criminal is disguised as a legitimate business, then the activity is called Phishing. The criminal will take the personal information he has received and either open new credit card and other transaction accounts or simply steal out of the account numbers he has received from the unsuspecting victim. The victim may not even realize the theft occurred for months (Arnold 2000, p. 1-8). While identity theft is a property crime, other criminals use the internet to prey on children. The will communicate with younger children in chat rooms, often posing as a child themselves. Commonly, these pedophiles will attempt to lure these children into meeting them somewhere, like the mall. When they meet the children, they then have the opportunity to molest, kidnap, or otherwise harm them. Hacking was seen at one time as harmless fun. Now hackers can cause thousands of dollars worth of damage including lost income, cost to fix the damage done, and loss of customers. Infected computers cause havoc all over the network. Hackers are prosecuted when they are caught, but the methods that they use make identification difficult. There are no easy solutions to the criminal use of the internet. The best defense against identity theft is education. Educating the public on why they should not give there password, social security numbers, and addresses to those they do not know is a start. There are already laws against this. Better and more public enforcement may have an effect. Encryption of data being transmitted over the internet is another way to secure it. This is already being done by the financial institutions and the government, but other businesses could improve their security by encrypting all personal data. Protecting children against internet predators is best done through educating the parents on the use and control of the internet. In our society today, children are left to there own devices more than they were a generation ago. Parents must monitor their children’s use of the internet. Blocking software is available that will prevent children from accessing dangerous areas. Hackers will always be a part of the internet scene. Virus software, like Norton, helps. Again, education is the key. Internet users should only download from trusted sources. Better education on email use is also needed. If no one opened email they did not recognize, computer viruses, phishing, and other scams would be severely reduced. The scholastic integrity has suffered because of the amount of downloadable information and misinformation that is available. Plagiarism has been an issue since universities opened. Now, however, it is everywhere. Students can easily download someone else’s work and claim it as their own. Researches can claim ownership of other people’s research. The detection and prevention of plagiarism is a major issue for higher education. Like internet crime, there is no real absolute solution for plagiarism. Universities have instigated severe penalties, including expulsion, for those who are caught. This type of deterrence will have some effect. Web sites such as www.turnitin.com offer plagiarism detection. If students know that their papers will be checked, they are going to be less likely to commit the act. However, nothing is going to prevent some plagiarism. Education, again, would be beneficial to those who commit unintentional plagiarism, but for those who knowingly do it when they know the risks, education is not going to have an effect. Bulk emailing, or spam, is a very large issue. Corporate America spends lots of money both generating and preventing spam emails. These are a problem because they can tie up server resources, Ethernet gateways, and personal computers. Spam can also harbor viruses that can damage computer systems. Pop-up ads are not only intrusive, they can be damaging. Ads from competitors can appear, without the original business owner’s knowledge, on commercial websites. An example would be a Chevy ad popping up while a person was browsing a ford web site. These ads may be displayed hours later. Along with this, these companies will store files on the user’s hard drive, sometimes without their knowledge, to track what web sites they browse. Tighter regulation on corporate behavior is needed. Unfortunately, the individual states have little they can due since the vast majority of internet traffic crosses state boundaries. Therefore, this type of regulation must come from the Federal Government. Regulations requiring business to notify the user before they store a file on their computer, regulating trespassing pop-up ads, and regulating unwanted Spam are either needed or the enforcement must be better. The issue of pornography is an old one. With the internet, porn is easily accessible. With the free speech guarantees that we enjoy, adult pornography is hard to regulate. Even public libraries have had to face the free speech vs. good for society issue. Like other internet issues, there are no sure answers. Software and hardware that regulates what sites are visited is one way to attempt to keep adult sites in the hands of adults only. But just like â€Å"R† rated movies, kids will find a way to â€Å"sneak in†. The internet has changed our society and has shrunk the world. It happened faster than our society was able to cope. Now we stand in awe looking into a world that we indeed created that has to a real extent got out of hand. The only way to control this monster is through education, enforcement of laws, and stiffer penalties for those who violate these laws. References Arnold, Tom. (2000). Internet Identity Theft. Software Industry Association Marsh, David (2007). History of the Internet. Retrieved June 2, 2007 from NetValley Web site: http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/davemarsh-timeline-1.htm

sleep apnea Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sleep Apnea Human Physiology – Biology 60 The dictionary defines sleep as â€Å"The natural periodic suspension of consciousness during which the powers of the body are restored† (Webster’s 638) If one is waking up on an average of 300 times per night, the chances of complete body restoration are minimal. The Greek word apnea literally means â€Å"without breath†. An estimated 30 million Americans stop breathing during their sleep sometimes 30-40 times per hour and often for a minute, or longer each time. Of these, about 20 million are in the early stages, and about 10 million have progressed to a level of severity that requires treatment. According to the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research, about 38,000 Americans die of sleep disorder related problems each year (Internal Medicine Alert 98). Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a potentially deadly sleep disorder, where by the uvula and soft pallet collapse on the back wall of the upper airway causing the cessation of breathing and a d rop in blood pressure. The hearts need for oxygen increases during apneic episodes, when someone stops breathing carbon dioxide slowly builds up in the bloodstream and the oxygen level quickly decreases (Melville 52). Eventually a signal from the brain triggers the body to partially wake up, this action causes blood pressure to increase, breathing, then resumes, and the cycle begins again. (See figure 1)1 Once the breathing resumes the oxygen level then begins to rise, the heart starts pumping much faster than normal, raising the blood pressure to dangerously high levels. These occurrences night after night increase the risk of damaging small organs and can trigger small strokes. Figure 1 There are three types of apnea: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the most common, caused when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes. The second type is Central Sleep Apnea; instead of the airway collapsing the brain fails to signal the muscles to breath. The third type is Mixed Apnea and as the name suggests it is a combination of OSA and Central Apnea. This paper will focus on OSA, the history, risks, diagnosis, and treatment. OSA is a vastly undiagnosed and untreated disorder and is becoming one of America’s most serious general health issues. As more rese... ... to recognize sings and symptoms seem to be a thing of the past. Works Cited Alonso-Fernandez, Alberto, et al. "Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with OSA-Hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms." Chest 127 (2005): 15-23. Dement, William C. The Promise of Sleep. New York: Dell, 2000. 167-193. Dreher, H. Michael, and Regina M. Willard. "Wake up call for sleep apnea." Nursing 2005 Mar. 2005: 46. Holten, Keith B. "How should we diagnose and treat obstructive sleep apnea?" Journal of Family Practice 53 (2004): 202. Melville, Nancy A. "Sleep apnea's O2 disruption has diverse effects." Family Practice News 34 (2004): 52-53. Parsell, D.. "Sleep on it: fitful slumber tied to diabetes risk." Science News 25 Sept. 2004: 195-196. "Risk factors in sleep disorder breathing." Internal Medicine Alert 23 (2003): 97-100. Sleep Apnea screening and diagnosis. 21 July 2004. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Reasearch. 22 Mar. 2005 . Sullivan, Michele G. "Palatal implants decrease snoring, may lessen obstruction." Family Practice News 34 (2004): 52.